Early-Onset Dengue Mimicking Neonatal Sepsis in a Term Neonate: A Case Report

Neonatal dengue is an underrecognized infection that can mimic neonatal sepsis, leading to diagnostic challenges, particularly in endemic regions and in the context of perinatal or household exposure. We report the case of a term male neonate, delivered by emergency cesarean section for abruptio placenta, who developed early respiratory distress, thrombocytopenia, and petechial rash shortly after birth. Initial management included respiratory support and empirical antibiotics for suspected sepsis; however, bacterial cultures remained negative. Dengue infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and IgM serology in both the mother and the neonate. The infant improved with supportive care and had complete clinical and hematological recovery on follow-up. This case highlights the importance of considering dengue in neonates presenting with sepsis-like features to enable timely diagnosis, avoid unnecessary antibiotic exposure, and ensure appropriate monitoring for potential complications.