Guillain-Barré Syndrome as a Neurological Disorder and Its Association with Post COVID-19 Vaccination: A Review

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. It is commonly triggered by infections and has also been reported rarely after vaccination. During the COVID-19 pandemic, cases of GBS following COVID-19 vaccination were reported, raising safety concerns. This review summarizes recent literature (2016–2025) on the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of GBS, with special importance on post-COVID-19 vaccination cases. Evidence suggests a temporal association, particularly with adenovirus-based vaccines; however, the overall incidence remains very low. Early diagnosis and rapid treatment result in favourable outcomes. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccination overshadow the rare risk of neurological complications. Keywords Guillain-Barré syndrome, COVID-19 vaccine, neurological disorder, autoimmune disease.