Spatial Flow Estimation Method Combining Space Syntax and Pedestrian Origin–Destination for Architectural Design Stage

With the continuous expansion of building scale and increasingly complex functions, pedestrian congestion within buildings has become increasingly prominent. To identify high-utilization spaces during the architectural design stage, so as to optimize the design at the source and effectively alleviate the risk of oversaturated spatial flow in super high-rise buildings, transportation hubs and other complex buildings, this paper investigates spatial flow estimation methods in the architectural design phase. First, based on detailed data from microscopic pedestrian simulation in buildings, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the factors influencing spatial flow from the perspectives of spatial structure and pedestrian demand. Then, by incorporating the visual integration degree from space syntax and the proposed Origin-Destination (OD) influence range definition method that accounts for obstacle detours, a spatial utilization intensity index integrating both factors is developed. Furthermore, regression analysis is employed to achieve spatial flow estimation based on the constructed spatial utilization intensity index. Finally, taking the basement 1 floor of the Shenzhen Bay Super Headquarters Base C Tower connected with the metro as an example, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. The results show that the MAPE is 26%. This study provides an effective estimation method for the prediction of spatial flow in the architectural design stage.