, a critical barrier remains: insufficient durability for real-world use. This review analyzes the scientific underpinnings of this durability challenge. We pinpoint four key degradation mechanisms, including carbon corrosion, Fenton reactions, water mismanagement and active-site loss, and synthesize recent strategies to combat them. To bridge the lab-to-industry gap, we recommend a dual focus: developing synergistic multi-active-site catalysts and innovating electrode designs for superior water management. Cross-disciplinary collaboration is urgently needed to mature these high-stability NPM catalysts for commercial deployment.
Xie et al. (Tue,) studied this question.