Use of ivabradine in children with junctional ectopic tachycardia after pediatric cardiac surgery; two‐centre experience

Introduction: Although amiodarone is traditionally used in the treatment of postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET), the search for new treatments is ongoing. We present our experience with ivabradine at two medical centers. Materials and Methods: Between January 2022 and January 2023, patients who developed JET after pediatric cardiac surgery were prospectively followed up and documented. The diagnosis of JET was made with the support of the electrophysiology team and treatment was based primarily on whether JET disrupted hemodynamics. Results: This study was conducted at two high-volume centers, which record a total of 1130 pediatric cardiac surgeries within a year. The study recruited 26 patients with median heart rate 180 beats per minute, and 10 (38%) patients had impaired hemodynamics. Out of the 26 study participants, 14 (54%) cases were treated with ivabradine alone, 10 (38%) cases were treated with amiodarone + ivabradine, and 2 patients (8%) with high heart rates and prolonged junctional arrhythmia were treated with ivabradine and flecainide. The median time to ventricular rate control was 12 h, and the median time to sinus rhythm conversion was 55.5 h. No ivabradine-related side effects were observed in any of the patients, and no patient experienced JET recurrence after discontinuing treatment. Conclusion: Ivabradine seems to be a safe and effective medical treatment that can be used as the primary treatment in patients with stable hemodynamics, as an adjunctive therapy to amiodarone in patients with impaired hemodynamics.