Clinical Insights and Diagnostic Challenges of Pulmonary Lophomoniasis in a Sarcoidosis Patient: A Case Report

Introduction In recent years, reports of patients with lophomoniasis infection have increased. This upward trend has been especially evident among patients with underlying conditions or those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Case Presentation We present a 38‐year‐old Fars female patient of Fars ethnicity with a 2‐year medical history of sarcoidosis who was investigated due to persistent respiratory symptoms that were unresponsive to outpatient treatment. The patient was receiving immunosuppressive medication for her condition. During hospitalization, computed tomography of the lungs revealed the presence of cystic bronchiectasis in the lingula and linear atelectasis. Bronchoscopy was performed, and a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample was taken. Microscopic analysis of the sample showed the presence of Lophomonas spp. Conclusion Sarcoidosis, an immunodeficiency‐related inflammatory disease, may increase susceptibility to parasitic infections. Pulmonary lophomoniasis, mostly presenting with nonspecific symptoms similar to other pneumonias, can lead to delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes. Physicians should consider lophomoniasis in immunocompromised patients due to differences in its nature, diagnostic approach, and treatment.