The effect of fabric type and joining method on the mechanical and thermal properties of medical textiles

This study investigates how different fabric types and joining methods affect the mechanical and thermal properties of medical textiles. Thirteen nonwoven fabrics were physically tested, and a selection process was performed using a multi-criteria decision-making approach, specifically, the TOPSIS method, to identify the most suitable materials. The four selected fabrics were then assembled using lockstitch, overlock, and ultrasonic welding techniques, and their mechanical and thermal performances were compared. Results indicated a significant fabric–joining method interaction, showing that no single joining technique achieved optimal performance across all materials. To evaluate real-use thermal behavior, protective coveralls were produced using the two most suitable fabrics (F1 and F6) and assessed through thermal manikin trials. Tests were conducted under standardized conditions, with the manikin dressed in medical scrubs to simulate actual layering during use. The findings revealed that Fabric 6 exhibited higher total and effective thermal insulation compared to Fabric 1, demonstrating better thermal protection without compromising breathability. These outcomes were supported by fabric property tests, in which Fabric 6 showed higher bursting strength and balanced air permeability. Overall, the study highlights the necessity of integrating fabric selection, joining technology, and garment design into a holistic framework to achieve optimal protection and comfort in medical protective clothing.