Therapeutic Approaches to Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Despite extensive research, effective disease-modifying therapies remain limited. This systematic review evaluates current and emerging therapeutic strategies for AD, including symptomatic pharmacological treatments, disease-modifying approaches targeting amyloid and tau pathology, and novel interventions such as gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. A structured literature search (2020–2025) was conducted across major databases. Findings suggest that while conventional therapies provide symptomatic relief, recently approved monoclonal antibodies demonstrate only modest clinical benefits. Emerging multi-target strategies and early intervention approaches hold promise for future management. However, challenges such as late diagnosis, blood–brain barrier limitations, and clinical trial failures persist.