, it retains 93.7% of its initial activity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that interfacial electronic modulation optimizes the adsorption energy of the key intermediate *O, thereby accelerating the OER kinetics. This work provides a new design strategy for constructing crystalline-amorphous heterostructure catalysts with both excellent catalytic activity and stability.
Li et al. (2026) studied this question.