A Review Onimpact of Thyroid Disorder on Women's Health

Thyroid disorders are among the most prevalent endocrine diseases affecting women, with significant implications for reproductive, metabolic, psychological, and cardiovascular health. Women are disproportionately affected due to hormonal fluctuations across different life stages such as puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. This review explores the multifaceted impact of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroid diseases on women’s health, emphasizing reproductive dysfunction, pregnancy complications, metabolic disturbances, and quality of life. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to reduce morbidity and improve outcomes. During pregnancy, thyroid hormones play a critical role in foetal growth and neurodevelopment. Imbalances are linked to adverse maternal and foetal outcomes such as miscarriage, preterm birth, preeclampsia, and developmental abnormalities Beyond reproductive health, thyroid disorders significantly impact metabolic and cardiovascular systems, contributing to obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and increased cardiovascular risk. Recent systematic reviews highlight their broader role in influencing women’s metabolic health and chronic disease.