From data to disposal: The role of GIS in modern solid waste management.

: GIS technology offers transformative potential for sustainable solid waste management, with documented cost reductions of 8-76.8% and collection distance reductions of up to 27.78%. Policymakers, especially in developing countries, should prioritize GIS integration through capacity building, data standardization, and institutional coordination. Its proven support for circular economy principles, climate change mitigation, and formal-informal sector collaboration provides strong justification for embedding geospatial technologies in environmental regulations and urban planning, ultimately advancing sustainable development goals around waste management and urban sustainability.