Hybrid adsorbents efficiently remove Pb II and Cd II ions from water, indicating promise for recycling use.
adsorption process by two adsorbents was more consistent with the pseudo-second-order model. Besides, the adsorption isotherms fit well the Freundlich model. Additionally, high adsorption efficiencies were attained at the pH of each metal solution, around 5.3 for lead and 6.1 for cadmium. Moreover, the reuse performance shows the possibility of efficiently reusing these adsorbents even after three cycles, which means that the synergic effect is also maintained.
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Bouri et al. (2026) studied this question.
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