Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigation of Gossypium Herbaceum: A Comprehensive Review

Gossypium herbaceum L. (Levant cotton) is an old cotton species that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries.[1,2] It contains macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as well as secondary metabolites such as gossypol, flavonoids (including gossypin and quercetin), tannins (like proanthocyanidins), terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, and saponins.[1,3,4] Research shows it has strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, wound healing, anticonvulsant, antifertility, and other effects.[2,5] These results suggest G. herbaceum has therapeutic potential and that more research is needed to understand its active compounds and possible clinical uses.