) in fish samples exceeded certain regulatory limits. In contrast, all elements in sediment samples were within acceptable limits. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) evaluation indicated that these elements have limited potential to accumulate in fish tissues. In the risk assessment for fish consumption, estimated daily intake (EDI) values for Cd, Fe and Ni exceeded tolerable daily intake (TDI) thresholds, indicating the need for monitoring. Despite these exceedances, the total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) value of 0.343 suggests that fish consumption does not pose a significant non-carcinogenic health risk. According to principal component analysis (PCA), lithogenic-anthropogenic rock weathering and natural mineralogical composition were identified as the main factors influencing the elemental content of water and sediment samples.
Aşıkkutlu et al. (Thu,) studied this question.