ABSTRACT Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are zero‐dimensional nanomaterials known for their small size, adjustable particle dimensions, great biocompatibility, low toxicity, and water solubility. Their unique properties include fluorescence stability and a wide excitation spectrum that enables a range of applications across various fields. This review focuses on the synthesis methods employed for CQDs which includes both top–down approaches (e.g., electrochemical synthesis, acid oxidation synthesis) and bottom–up techniques (e.g., hydrothermal synthesis, pyrolysis) and properties of CQD like structural, optical, and biological properties. It also explores the diverse applications of CQDs in biomedical fields like bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensors, cancer treatment through photothermal and gene therapy. Some of the other applications are solar cells, toxin detection, and LEDs.
Katti et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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