Key result
Dual-chamber pacemaker insertion linked to large hemopneumothorax when RV lead perforation injures the LIMA.
Highlights a rare complication of right ventricular perforation by a pacing lead resulting in left internal mammary artery injury and hemopneumothorax.
Promotes vigilance for rare vascular injuries during pacemaker implantation; leaves open incidence and prevention strategies.
We hereby report a case of a 75-year-old patient who developed a large left-sided hemopneumothorax after a routine dual-chamber pacemaker insertion. The rare complication was caused by the pacing lead injuring the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) after perforating the right ventricle.
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Stenton et al. (2026) studied this question. Routine dual-chamber pacemaker insertion resulted in a large hemopneumothorax when the pacing lead perforated the right ventricle and injured the left internal mammary artery.
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