Energy metabolic failure drives the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease.

) availability, support glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate trophic signaling. Understanding how metabolic crisis shapes the trajectory of PD may offer new opportunities for earlier diagnosis and the development of targeted, disease-modifying interventions. Future work comparing metabolic phenotypes across patient subgroups will be essential for advancing precision treatment and clarifying the role of energy dysregulation in disease heterogeneity.