Advanced Imaging of the Respiratory System.

Respiratory imaging in dogs and cats integrates multiple modalities to noninvasively evaluate thoracic disease. Radiography is the first-line tool but has limitations in assessing dynamic and subtle abnormalities. Advanced imaging such as fluoroscopy, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT), enhances characterization of airway, parenchyma, and pleural disorders. CT provides high-resolution cross-sectional detail for lesions of increased or decreased attenuation, nodules, masses, airway collapse, and linear patterns, although definitive diagnosis often requires cytology or histopathology. Understanding each modality's strengths and limitations and combining imaging with clinical data optimizes diagnostic accuracy in respiratory disease.