TMJ Ankylosis as a Complication of Severe Mastoiditis in Toddlers: Pilot Study.

Background: Acute otitis media is among the most common infections in children. Mastoiditis is a rare complication of acute otitis media in developed countries. When overlooked, mastoiditis can lead to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis, which can impair function and hinder normal development of the child. Methods: This report describes a new protocol for treating TMJ ankylosis in toddlers, using a modified surgical method and in-house 3D technology. It presents a multidisciplinary approach that includes maxillofacial surgeons, pediatric anesthesiologists, orthodontists, and physical therapists. Results: A 3D-printed model of the bony nasal airway assists the pediatric anesthesiology specialist in preoperative planning and simulation of nasal intubation. The modified surgical technique prevents herniation of the temporalis muscle and reduces the risk of facial nerve paralysis. The postoperative posterior bite blocks resist soft tissue contraction, maintaining normal mouth opening. Conclusions: A modified surgical technique, integrated into a multidisciplinary approach, yields improved functional and aesthetic postoperative outcomes for treating TMJ ankylosis in toddlers.