Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Context. Time-dependent gas-grain chemistry can help us understand the layered structure of species deposited onto the surface of grains during the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk. The history of trapping large quantities of carbon- and oxygen-bearing molecules onto the grains is especially significant for the formation of more complex (organic) molecules on the surface of grains.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Chaparro et al. (2011) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: