Dog bites to veterinary professionals: a mixed-methods study. Part 1: literature review

Dog bites present a significant yet underexplored occupational hazard for veterinary professionals, with implications for human safety, animal welfare and workforce sustainability. Existing literature is hindered by inconsistent definitions, underreporting and limited contextual data, restricting accurate prevalence estimates and targeted prevention efforts. While evidence highlights substantial physical and psychological impacts on both humans and dogs, research remains fragmented, often excluding non-surgeon roles. Educational interventions show promise in improving bite prevention, yet behavioural training in veterinary curricula remains inconsistent. This review synthesises current evidence, identifies critical knowledge gaps and emphasises the need for standardised definitions, richer contextual data, and inclusive research and integration of behavioural science into veterinary education to reduce bite risk and improve welfare outcomes.