ORAL HEALTH in DIABETIC SMOKERS: Assessing Dental Parameters and Implications

Objectives: This study examines the effects of diabetes and smoking on oral health, focusing on key parameters such as DMFT scores, periodontitis severity, implant health and peri-implantitis prevalence. Given the increasing prevalence of these conditions worldwide, understanding their combined impact is essential for targeted oral health interventions.Materials and Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted by utilizing data from 945 Patients were classifed based on smoking habits and diabetes status in their history, with panoramic radiographs used to assess dental health markers including periodontitis, peri-implantitis and DMFT observed by intern dentist and dentomaxillofacial radiologist with twelve years of experience. Statistical analyses, including chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests, were employed to evaluate group differences.Results:The results demonstrated that diabetic non-smokers exhibited the highest DMFT scores, whereas non-diabetic smokers had the lowest. Advanced stages of periodontitis were significantly more prevalent among diabetic patients, particularly non-smokers. No statistically significant correlation was found between peri-implantitis and smoking, although increased smoking frequency appeared to influence implant health outcomes.Conclusion:These findings highlight diabetes as a more substantial risk factor for oral health deterioration compared to smoking alone. The study underscores the necessity of integrating oral health management into diabetes care and suggests further research into long-term trends and intervention strategies to mitigate these risks.