Vibration energy is widely present in the natural environment. In the development of wearable self-powered systems, how to efficiently harvest the low-frequency mechanical energy of human motion has always been a core challenge. The piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester designed in this paper consists of two units: a piezoelectric unit and an electromagnetic unit. The piezoelectric unit is composed of two arched plates, a piezoelectric layer, and an end magnet. The two sides of the piezoelectric unit are completely symmetrical. The electromagnetic unit is composed of a hollow tube, a central magnet, and a coil. The coil is wound around the outside of the center of the hollow tube to ensure that the central magnet can cut more magnetic flux lines. The two units output voltage through an external load. Firstly, based on a physical model, the force–electricity coupling mechanism is derived, and the dynamic response of the harvester at different frequencies is systematically tested. Secondly, through simulation and experiment, the influencing factors of the output voltage are deeply studied, and it is concluded that at medium and low frequencies (5 Hz–15 Hz), the harvester can provide efficient voltage output. The electromagnetic unit dominates at low frequencies and can output a larger voltage, but the voltage drops significantly after a certain frequency. The piezoelectric unit can supplement after the electromagnetic voltage drops, and the two have a synergistic effect. In addition, the output characteristics of the system mainly depend on frequency, initial distance, coil turns, and magnet mass. This paper clarifies the inherent physical mechanism of the hybrid energy harvester and provides an effective scientific reference for practical human motion energy conversion applications.
Chen et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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