A case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia with acquired functional mutation of the TLR7.

This article presents a case of recurrent autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a child with a gain-of-function (GOF) mutation of the TLR7. This patient's condition contrasts with the six previously documented cases of GOF mutations in the TLR7, thereby expanding the phenotypic spectrum of such mutations and enhancing clinical comprehension of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). The article discusses the mechanisms by which TLR7 GOF mutations can result in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, explores the influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on the disease's development and progression, and emphasizes the therapeutic potential of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for cases of TLR7 GOF mutations.