Combining Aquifer Pumping Tests With Groundwater Responses to Earth and Atmospheric Tides for Hydraulic Parameters Estimation: A Case Study of Well ZK1 , Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China

Utilizing groundwater‐level responses to periodic Earth and atmospheric tides provides a cost‐effective method of estimating hydraulic parameters. Yet its broader adoption has been hindered by insufficient analysis of model applicability and inherent non‐uniqueness of solutions during parameter inversion. In this study, three passive tidal response models were employed to estimate hydraulic parameters, using Well ZK1in Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China, as a case study. Three aquifer pumping tests yield aquifer hydraulic conductivity = to . While Earth‐tide response model yields = that are an order‐of‐magnitude smaller than those from the pumping test, and barometric‐response model yields = that overlap pumping test results. Aquitard's vertical hydraulic conductivity yields from the pumping test, with fitting results from the Earth‐tide and barometric‐response models being and , respectively. Specifying can constrain the inverted parameter range of the barometric‐response method. However, non‐physical solutions () may arise for leaky models, so the reliability of inverted results should be verified against site‐specific hydrogeological conditions during application.