Translational applications of circadian research: connecting chronobiology to medicine.

Chronobiology has advanced scientifically since 2000. Translating this knowledge and approach to medicine can alter diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, and improve health. Adding time-of-day (or time-of-year) information is both a concrete and conceptual change to clinical practice and public health relevant to humans and other animals, with low implementation costs. Successful translation of chronobiology to medicine requires new methods, training, and organizational and regulatory action.