Utilization of Denture Services Under Indonesia’s National Health Insurance: A Systematic Review

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the current evidence regarding the utilization and influencing factors of denture treatment within Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (BPJS Health) system. Methods: This systematic review, conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searched in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Garuda databases for original studies published between 2014 and 2025 addressing denture treatment coverage under BPJS Health. The findings were synthesized qualitatively. Results: Three studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The reported utilization rates of denture treatment under BPJS Health varied considerably across regions. Demographic analysis revealed that the majority of denture users were females aged 51–60 years. Predisposing factors associated with service utilization included income level, knowledge about dentures, and awareness of BPJS Health benefit. Variation in denture utilization across regions, suggesting unequal access to prosthodontic services under BPJS Health. Socioeconomic and educational factors, particularly income and knowledge about dentures and BPJS Health benefits, appear to play a crucial role in influencing service utilization. Policy efforts focusing on public education and equitable service distribution are needed to optimize denture treatment coverage. Conclusion: The utilization of denture services under BPJS Health remains limited and regionally uneven. Socioeconomic and knowledge-related factors were found to strongly influence service utilization. These findings provide an initial evaluation of BPJS Health implementation for denture treatment and highlight the need to improve public awareness and ensure equitable access to optimize program effectiveness.