Total neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD‑1 blockade and IL‑2 in MSS/pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer: short-term results of a prospective, single-arm phase II study

Q: What type of study is this?

This is a Pre-Registered Trial study.

Junwei Tang; Lu Wang; Sheng Yang; Wen Peng; Y Zhang; Y Zhang; Kangpeng Jin; Xiaowei Wang; Yifei Feng; Y X Sun

doi:10.1038/s41392-026-02683-8

May 4, 2026Signal Transduction and Targeted TherapyOpen Access

Total neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD‑1 blockade and IL‑2 in MSS/pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer: short-term results of a prospective, single-arm phase II study

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Key Points

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of total neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 blockade and IL-2 in advanced rectal cancer.
Single-arm phase II trial design
Patients with MSS/pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer
Intervention included neoadjuvant chemotherapy, PD-1 blockade, and IL-2
Evaluation of tumor microenvironment and outcomes
Improvements in tumor microenvironment observed with IL-2 treatment
High efficacy noted with promising safety profile
Study supports further validation of this regimen in rectal cancer treatment.

Implication

Single-arm phase II trial shows improved efficacy and safety profile of neoadjuvant IL-2 in rectal cancer.

Abstract

T cells, NK cells, and M1 macrophage subsets in the tumor microenvironment of patients achieving pCR. These compelling data demonstrate promising efficacy with a favorable safety profile in MSS/pMMR LARC. These findings warrant studies to validate this regimen as a novel treatment paradigm for rectal cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT06108596.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Tang et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69fa8eca04f884e66b5312df https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-026-02683-8

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Total neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD‑1 blockade and IL‑2 in MSS/pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer: short-term results of a prospective, single-arm phase II study

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Total neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD‑1 blockade and IL‑2 in MSS/pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer: short-term results of a prospective, single-arm phase II study

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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