Total neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD‑1 blockade and IL‑2 in MSS/pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer: short-term results of a prospective, single-arm phase II study

Key Points

• To evaluate the efficacy and safety of total neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 blockade and IL-2 in advanced rectal cancer.
• Single-arm phase II trial design
• Patients with MSS/pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer
• Intervention included neoadjuvant chemotherapy, PD-1 blockade, and IL-2
• Evaluation of tumor microenvironment and outcomes
• Improvements in tumor microenvironment observed with IL-2 treatment
• High efficacy noted with promising safety profile
• Study supports further validation of this regimen in rectal cancer treatment.