This review reveals advanced mitigation strategies to enhance efficiency and scalability of hydrogen production in seawater electrolysis, suggesting sustainable energy solutions.
The global demand for clean, sustainable, and scalable energy solutions has positioned hydrogen as a key alternative fuel. Seawater electrolysis offers a promising pathway for green hydrogen production. However, the process faces significant challenges, particularly the formation of insoluble precipitates such as CaCO 3 and Mg(OH) 2 , which hinder the efficiency, durability, and scalability of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from seawater. This review not only systematically summarizes recent progress but also proposes a synergistic design paradigm (materials‐interface‐system) for cathode protection. By bridging fundamental mechanisms to scalable solutions, we aim to provide a definitive guide for accelerating the development of reliable, sustainable seawater electrolysis systems, ultimately unlocking the vast potential of the ocean for a green hydrogen economy.
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Meskher et al. (2026) studied this question.
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