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May 6, 2026The American Journal of Psychology

Is the Missing Letter Effect Due Primarily to Lexical Factors or to the Global Semantic Context?

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Authors

JKJames A. KoleAHAlice F. HealyVSVivian I. Schneider

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Overview

Experiment shows that spelling and frequency affect letter detection in prose, suggesting lexical influences.

Key Points

  • This research examines whether lexical or semantic factors primarily influence the missing letter effect.
  • Conducted a letter detection task with prose passages containing target letters.
  • Manipulated function word spelling and presented passage themes before or after reading.
  • Analyzed effects of word frequency on letter detection accuracy.
  • Word frequency and spelling significantly influenced letter detection accuracy.
  • No effect of global semantic context on letter detection errors was found.
  • The location of the passage theme affected comprehension ratings.

Cite This Study

Kole et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69faa2e204f884e66b53363bhttps://doi.org/10.5406/19398298.139.2.06
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