The impact of disrupted circadian rhythms and sedentary lifestyle on growth and health of children

Disrupted circadian rhythms and sedentary lifestyle patterns are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to impaired growth and adverse health outcomes in children and adolescents. Rising screen exposure, reduced physical activity, and irregular sleep schedules are associated with declining health-related fitness and increased risk of obesity and noncommunicable diseases. Circadian rhythms regulate sleep–wake cycles and hormonal pathways essential for metabolic balance and normal development. Excessive use of smartphones, gaming, and digital media – particularly at night – leads to sleep dysregulation and altered melatonin and growth hormone secretion, potentially affecting physical and neurocognitive growth. Sedentary screen-based behaviors show strong negative associations with physical fitness, body mass index, and psychosocial well-being. Regular physical activity acts as an important circadian synchronizer, improves sleep quality, and supports metabolic and musculoskeletal health. Although technology contributes to inactivity, app-based and gamified interventions may help promote movement, although long-term sustainability remains uncertain. Preventive strategies should emphasize sleep hygiene, structured daily routines, parental counseling, controlled screen time, and school-based physical activity promotion. Addressing both circadian disruption and sedentary behavior is essential for optimizing pediatric growth, metabolic stability, and long-term health outcomes.