Expression Analysis of Adrenomedullin and Its Receptors RAMP2/CLR and RAMP3/CLR in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Saudi Cohort Study

Acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) is a complex and aggressive malignancy, particularly in children, characterized by chromosomal abnormalities and diverse gene mutations, which contribute to its variable clinical outcomes. Despite advancements in treatment, the prognosis for AML patients remains poor, highlighting the urgent need for reliable biomarkers. Adrenomedullin ( ADM ), a peptide expressed in various cancer cells, has been implicated in tumor progression. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns and quantified the levels of ADM and its associated receptors receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP)2 , RAMP3, and calcitonin receptor-like receptor ( CLR ) in Saudi AML patients. Using real-time PCR and protein analysis, we compared the gene and protein expression levels of these molecules in serum samples from AML patients and healthy controls. Our findings revealed a significant increase (p = 0.0001) in the gene expression of ADM, RAMP2, RAMP3 , and CLR in AML patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, protein levels of ADM and RAMP3 were significantly elevated (p = 0.0001) in the patient group. These findings suggest that ADM and its receptor components may serve as promising diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for acute myeloid leukemia, warranting further clinical validation.