SpaceLiner: the 2025 pre-definition status report

Work on the SpaceLiner ultra-high-speed rocket-propelled passenger transport is now the focus of Phase A conceptual design evolution, mainly addressing system aspects of the next configuration release 8. The second role of the SpaceLiner concept as a TSTO launch vehicle for space transport is retained, and in this context, suitable precursor steps are investigated. The SpaceLiner cabin integration is an important aspect to be addressed as well as the feasibility of performing multiple missions compliant with noise and sonic boom constraints. The passenger capsule’s shape has been iterated by multidisciplinary design analyses aiming for aerodynamic stability in a wide range of flight conditions. The thermal protection system of both stages is adapted and is evaluated for the passenger stage for multiple missions. A worldwide network of point-to-point missions with minimized impact of sonic boom on the overflown population is assessed. The challenges of finding a passenger rescue capsule with improved aerodynamic stability in the full flight regime are summarized. Finally, the development roadmap is linked to key elements of potential future European reusable heavy-lift launchers as precursors to the SpaceLiner and an update of estimated costs is presented.