Perception‐Computation‐Protection Integrated Opto‐Thermal Neuromorphic Devices Based on Hydrogen‐Terminated Diamond

ABSTRACT Neuromorphic devices, drawing on the operational principles of biological neural systems, demonstrate the potential for energy‐efficient operation at the system level while enhancing real‐time processing capabilities and adaptability. Diamond, with its ultra‐wide bandgap, high thermal conductivity, and chemical and radiation resilience, provides a robust platform for multifunctional neuromorphic electronics. Here, we demonstrate an opto‐thermal dual‐mode neuromorphic device based on hydrogen‐terminated diamond, highlighting diamond as a material platform for neuromorphic functionalities under harsh environments, which integrates environmental perception, synaptic computation, and adaptive self‐protection within a single device. Surface two‐dimensional hole gas and defect‐mediated carrier trapping enable persistent photoconductivity and temperature‐dependent transport, producing synaptic behaviors such as paired‐pulse facilitation, spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity, and short‐to‐long‐term memory transition. Neural network simulations achieve 92.4% accuracy in handwritten digit recognition. Simultaneously, the intrinsic temperature‐sensitive conductivity allows real‐time thermal perception and adaptive state regulation up to 200°C, establishing an integrated “perception‐computation‐protection” loop. These results highlight diamond's intrinsic material advantages as a robust and multifunctional platform for neuromorphic electronics in extreme conditions.