Synthesis and characterization of lignin-modified defective UiO-66-NH₂ for enhanced curcumin adsorption and controlled release in drug delivery applications.

. Release studies were conducted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C at different pH levels (1.2, 6.8, and 7.4), where both UiO-66-D and L-UiO-66-D exhibited controlled release behavior over 24 h. Characterization through FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and BET confirmed successful synthesis and provided insights into the structural and morphological properties of the MOFs. The results highlight the potential of modulating and functionalizing UiO-66 frameworks to improve performance in controlled drug-delivery applications.