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mN/m), and there is no obvious sedimentation within 72 h. The sandpack flood tests show that the oil recovery rate is increased by 16.8% compared with water flooding and finally reaches 58.2%. Based on micromodel flooding tests, the mechanisms of the S/NP flooding system are studied as follows: the synergistic effect of nanoparticles and surfactants can re-enforce its oil-water interface performance and improve the oil displacement efficiency and the Jamin effect of emulsified oil droplets, combined with the thickening property and retention plugging of nanoparticles, improves the sweep efficiency. As the surfactant and nanoparticle used in this study are commercially available industrial products, the research results have important guiding significance for promoting the industrial application of surfactant/nanoparticle composite flooding technology.
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He et al. (2021) studied this question.
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