Virtual bioequivalence for achlorhydric subjects: The use of PBPK modelling to assess the formulation-dependent effect of achlorhydria

and AUC ratios between nifedipine control-released reference and test formulations were 3.08 (90%CI, 2.81-3.38) and 1.57 (90%CI, 1.43-1.74), respectively. Virtual bioequivalence studies through the PBPK models can highlight the need for conduct of specific studies in elderly Japanese populations where there are discrepancies in pH-sensitivity of dissolution between the test and reference formulations.