Mn-Modified PMN-PZT [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3] Single Crystals for High Power Piezoelectric Transducers

), PMN-PZT-Mn (Generation III)] were grown by the solid-state single crystal growth (SSCG) method, and their dielectric and piezoelectric properties were measured and compared. Compared to (001) PMN-PT and PMN-PZT single crystals, the (001) PMN-PZT-Mn single crystals exhibited a higher transition temperature between the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases (T RT = 144 o C), as well as a higher coercive electric field (E C = 6.3 kV/cm) and internal bias field (E I = 1.6 kV/cm). The (011) PMN-PZT-Mn single crystals showed the highest coercive electric field (E C = 7.0 kV/cm), and the highest stability of E C and E I during 60 cycles of polarization measurement. These results demonstrate that both Mn doping (for higher electromechanical quality factor (Q m )) and a (011) crystallographic orientation (for higher coercive electric field and stability) are necessary for high power transducer applications of these piezoelectric single crystals. Specifically, the (011) PMN-PZT-Mn single crystal (Gen. III) had the highest potential for application in the fields of SONAR transducers, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), ultrasonic motors, and others.