The association between coeliac disease and cardiovascular disease

BACKGROUND: Coeliac disease is more prevalent than was previously thought. The association between coeliac disease and cardiovascular outcome is not clear. AIM: To investigate whether coeliac disease patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS: A community-based cohort study using a record-linkage database. Three hundred and sixty-seven coeliac patients identified by a positive antiendomysial antibody test or a diagnosis with small bowel biopsy, and 5537 subjects who were tested and had a negative coeliac immunology, were included in the study. RESULTS: The crude rates of cardiovascular events were 9.5 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 4.4-14.6) in the coeliac cohort and 8.9 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 7.6-10.3) in the antiendomysial antibody-negative cohort. Compared with the antiendomysial antibody-negative cohort, the adjusted relative risk of cardiovascular events for coeliac cohort was 1.9 (95% CI: 1.00-3.60). When we excluded patients who had previous hospitalization for cardiovascular disease, the adjusted relative risk was 2.5 (95% CI: 1.22-5.01). The use of any cardiovascular drugs prior to and after entry to the study were 36% and 29% for the coeliac cohort (P = 0.05), and 34% and 26% for the antiendomysial antibody-negative cohort (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that coeliac disease seems to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular outcome.