Pure phase was fabricated by solid state reactions and the products were annealed in various atmospheres, such as , air, , vacuum, Zn, and Ge. The material was a native defect phosphor presenting white-bluish emission and its photoluminescence was about 40% brighter than that of the commercial ZnO phosphor. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements showed the existence of (or ), an abnormal valence for Zn. Additionally, , , and ionized were also detected by EPR. The model for the luminescent emission of this native defect phosphor was proposed, which may arise from the recombination between the donors ( and ) and the acceptors ( and ionized ).
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Liu et al. (2007) studied this question.
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