Phenomenological model of a viscous medium explains particle mass through hydrodynamic interactions.
This paper presents a phenomenological model of the physical vacuum as a macroscopic quantum state — a viscous fermionic condensate (VFC). We hypothesize the existence of a fundamental dynamic viscosity coefficient of the medium, η ≈ 1.2 × 10^−15 Pa·s. A phase transition from a superfluid to a viscous state at an energy threshold of 7.76 keV is discussed. The proposed approach allows for the interpretation of elementary particle mass as a result of the hydrodynamic drag of the medium during the motion of topological solitons.
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Alexander Shlyapik (2026) studied this question.
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