Key result
Hypertension is linked to significantly higher pulse wave velocity and central arterial stiffness markers.
Why the study?
Do central and peripheral vascular function markers correlate with future coronary artery disease risk among subjects with individual cardiovascular risk factors?
Cross-Sectional (n=320)
Do central and peripheral vascular function markers correlate with future coronary artery disease risk among subjects with individual cardiovascular risk factors?
Central vascular markers (PWV and AI) are significantly elevated in subjects with hypertension and correlate with Framingham risk score, supporting their use as early indicators of vascular damage and CAD risk.
May support CAD risk stratification via vascular markers in Malaysians; leaves open prospective validation before practice change.
Background/Objectives: Vascular function measurements, including central parameters [pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI)], as well as peripheral measures [finger photoplethysmography fitness index (PPGF)], have been introduced to detect early vascular damage associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors. This study aimed to compare peripheral and central vascular function marker levels among subjects with hypertension (HPT), dyslipidemia, and obesity. We also aimed to determine the relationship between these markers and CAD risk factors among these groups. Methods: A total of 320 subjects including healthy individuals and those with CAD risk factors were recruited. Peripheral vascular function was assessed using the PPGF, whereas central vascular markers included measurements of PWV and AI. The Framingham risk score (FRS) was calculated using an online calculator. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 33.73 ± 7.29 years. PWV and AI were significantly higher in HPT subjects (8.03 ± 1.40 m/s and 21.90% ± 10.57%) than the control. PPGF levels showed no significant differences between the groups. PWV was associated with FRS in the HPT and dyslipidemia groups, whereas AI was associated with FRS in the obese group. PPGF showed associations with PWV and AI in the dyslipidemia group. Conclusions: PWV and AI serve as robust macrovascular markers indicating arterial stiffness and systemic vascular resistance linked to CAD risk, while PPGF, as a microvascular marker, offers valuable insights into early endothelial dysfunction and microcirculatory anomalies, especially in dyslipidemia subjects.
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Aminuddin et al. (2025) conducted a cross-sectional in Coronary artery disease risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity) (n=320). Cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity) vs. Healthy individuals was evaluated on Peripheral and central vascular function marker levels (PWV, AI, PPGF). Pulse wave velocity (8.03 ± 1.40 m/s) and augmentation index (21.90% ± 10.57%) were significantly higher in subjects with hypertension compared to healthy controls.
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