Effects of low-versus high-volume high-intensity interval training on glycemic control and quality of life in obese women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial

72 obese women with type 2 diabetes aged 36-55. All patients received oral hypoglycemic medications with no calorie restrictions.

Low-volume HIIT (2 × 4-min high-intensity treadmill exercise at 85%-90% of peak heart rate, with a 3-min active recovery interval) or high-volume HIIT (4 × 4-min high-intensity treadmill exercise at 85%-90% of peak heart rate, with three 3-min active recovery intervals), 3 days a week for 12 weeks.

Non-exercising control group. All patients received oral hypoglycemic medications with no calorie restrictions.

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2-hr PPBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, time to maximal exhaustion, and HRQoL assessed by SF-12 Health Surveysurrogate