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May 9, 20260 citationsOpen Access

The k=2/k=3 Boundary Algebra and the Origin of Standard Model Mixing Parameters in Two-Sided Closure Theory

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DSDavid Manton Sparks

Key Points

  • This research identifies the boundary algebra B₂₃ vital for Two-Sided Closure Theory and its relation to Standard Model parameters.
  • Identified the boundary algebra B₂₃ at the interface of Jones levels k=2 and k=3.
  • Analyzed the dimensions of B₂₃ and their relation to Standard Model parameters.
  • Demonstrated that mixing parameters are projections from this algebraic structure.
  • Total dimension of B₂₃ is 29, composed of gauge (20), colour (9), and electroweak (13) sectors.
  • Findings show specific relationships for sin²θ_W, Ω_Λ, A_CP ratios, and quark mass ratios, all derived from B₂₃.
  • Established that colour charge N_C = 3 is a boundary invariant and not a free parameter.

Abstract

We identify the missing organising structure of Two-Sided Closure Theory (TSCT): the boundary algebra B₂₃ at the interface between Jones levels k=2 and k=3. This algebra, the centraliser of TL (k=2) in TL (k=3), has total dimension 29, with sub-dimensions 20 (gauge/curvature sector), 9 (colour sector), and EW carrier dimension 13. Every Standard Model parameter associated with mixing, CP violation, dark energy geometry, and quark isospin ratios is a projection of this single object. Specifically: sin²θW = NC/dimEW = 3/13; Ω_Λ = dimgauge/dimₜotal = 20/29; ACP (local) /ACP (global) = dimgauge/dimcolour = 20/9; mᵤ/md = 2NC/dimEW = 6/13. The Cabibbo angle, the √2/13 neutrino prefactor, and the Koide phase correction 9√2/320 follow as further projections. The colour charge NC = 3 is a boundary invariant: NC = (k₃+2) − M: N₊䃒 = 5 − 2 = 3. It is not a free parameter. This reduces eight independently stated Tier-2 identifications to a single algebraic claim: prove dim (B₂₃) = 29 from Jones bimodule theory. That is the central open obligation of this paper. Principle: the Standard Model mixing parameters are interface costs — the algebraic price of rendering two incompatible closure depths (k=2 and k=3) as one coherent physical world.

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Cite This Study

David Manton Sparks (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69fed021b9154b0b8287727chttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20069879
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Towards Standard Model Mixing Parameters from the A₃ Jones Subfactor: Candidate Derivations in Two-Sided Closure Theory (TSCT)2026
  2. 2Spectral Completeness of ξ^2 and the Projection Structure of the Standard Model: Invariant Algebra of M3(C) under Axiomatic Closure2026
  3. 3Two-Sided Closure Theory: A Self-Contained Overview2026
  4. 4Two-Sided Closure Theory: A Self-Contained Introduction via the Koide Formula2026
  5. 5Standard model structure and the causal diamond boundary2026