Resource Use and Marketing Efficiency of Kalanamak Rice Cultivation in Uttar Pradesh, India

Indian subcontinent has been home to traditional aromatic rice cultivars viz. Chakhao in Manipur and Kalanamak in Uttar Pradesh. It is a non-basmati rice known for its small to medium-sized grains and a robust, pleasant aroma. Its cultivation is primarily concentrated in the north-eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, India, and the western and central regions of Nepal Tarai. It is distinguished by premium-quality grains, featuring a dark outer husk, rich aroma derived from three fragrant genes, a non-adhesive sweetness after milling, simple digestibility, light and airy cooked grains, and prolonged shelf stability. Per hectare cost of cultivation of Kalanamak rice was Rs. 104885.33 in the study area and the majority of the cost incurred by farmers was on irrigation viz., Rs. 18666.67 (17.80%). The B-C ratio and net income (over cost C3) from cultivation of Kalanamak rice in the study area were 1.25 and Rs. 26470.67 respectively. Expenditure on labour and fertiliser was found to significantly impact the net return. The producers’ share in consumer rupee was highest in Channel-I. The marketing efficiency for channel-I, II and III was 75.23, 23.61 and 14.19 percent respectively. The major production related constraint faced by farmers in study area was labour shortage followed by unavailability of quality seed and high input price whereas the analysis of marketing related constraint brought out price fluctuations as the major constraint followed by non-availability of buyers and lack of market information.