Reinforced concrete is widely employed across various construction applications to form robust structures capable of enduring extreme loads. In nuclear power plant (NPP) facilities, it plays a critical role in shielding essential systems from unforeseen external threats. These may arise from natural events or accidental impacts that could compromise the integrity of both protective barriers and internal components. The aim of this research is to perform impact experiments on reinforced concrete structures under different impact conditions including oblique impact to characterize their distinct impact behaviors. Based on the experimental findings, an analytical method will be developed and subsequently validated through comparison with the test results. We set up a numerical model and intend to compare the numerical results with the obtained test results related to damage zone, reaction force and so on. This study focuses on the effect of different concrete constitutive models on the numerical estimation of damage behavior in the reinforced concrete structure subjected to projectile impact. In this paper, we compare the local damage on impact face, rear face and cross section of the reinforced concrete structure after the impact tests with the damage results of numerical analyses using several concrete models. The findings obtained from the comparison are presented and discussed in detail.
Kang et al. (2026) studied this question.