96 Social and environmental determinants of prostate cancer: The roles of PM2.5 exposure and neighborhood deprivation in men in Baltimore

Objectives/Goals: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to air pollution (PM 2.5) and neighborhood deprivation are associated with prostate cancer risk among men in Baltimore and to determine if social and environmental factors jointly influence disparities in prostate cancer occurrence among men. Methods/Study Population: This case–control study was conducted in the Greater Baltimore area between January 2005 and January 2016. Participants included 617 men with prostate cancer and 852 controls without prostate cancer of African and European descent. Individual data on demographics, smoking, BMI, income, and education were collected through chart review. Residential addresses were linked to neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) and average fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) levels for 2010 using geospatial data. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between PM₂.₅, NDI, and odds of prostate cancer, adjusting for race, smoking, income, education, and BMI. All analyses were conducted using complete-case data. Results/Anticipated Results: In complete-case logistic regression of prostate cancer case status (n = 1,856), unadjusted PM₂.₅ (per 1 µg/m³) was positively associated with odds of prostate cancer (unadjusted OR for developing prostate cancer per 1 µg/m³ = 1.35; p = 0.014). After multivariable adjustment for neighborhood deprivation index (NDI), race, smoking, income, education, and BMI, the association between PM₂.₅ and case status was attenuated and not statistically significant (adjusted OR per 1 µg/m³ = 0.78; 95% CI 0.59–1.04; p = 0.088). By contrast, NDI was associated with higher odds of developing prostate cancer in adjusted models: adjusted OR per 1-unit increase in NDI was 1.15 (95% CI 1.09–1.21; p < 0.001). Using a standardized effect, the adjusted OR per 1 SD increase in NDI was 1.41 (95% CI 1.23–1.61). Discussion/Significance of Impact: Neighborhood deprivation was significantly associated with higher odds of prostate cancer, independent of race, smoking, income, education, and BMI. PM₂.₅ showed no independent association after adjustment, suggesting socioeconomic context may underlie observed disparities in prostate cancer incidence.