The Impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder Severity on the Incidence and Extent of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study

INTRODUCTION: Traumatic dental injuries are a common oral health problem among children and have significant health consequences. Children with autism spectrum disorder may face an increased risk of traumatic dental injuries, potentially due to developmental delays, sensory difficulties, and behavioral challenges. However, the relationship between the severity of autism and the extent and occurrence of dental trauma remains unclear. To our knowledge, this is the first study to aim at evaluating the association between the severity of autism and the incidence and severity of dental trauma. METHODS: This retrospective chart review analyzed data from children aged 3-15 years with autism spectrum disorder, who received their health and dental care at a major pediatric health center between 2016 and 2024. A total of 441 patients with autism were included in the study. Statistical analyses were used to examine associations between sex, autism severity, and dental trauma incidence and type/severity. RESULTS: Among the 441 participants, 9.1% experienced at least one dental trauma. No statistically significant associations were found between autism severity and dental trauma incidence (p = 0.136) or severity (p = 0.517). Furthermore, sex was not associated with the occurrence of dental trauma (p = 0.591). CONCLUSION: The severity of autism spectrum disorder and sex are not associated with the occurrence or severity of dental trauma among children. These findings suggest that factors beyond the severity of autism may play a more significant role in the risk and impact of dental trauma in this population. A clearer understanding of additional contributing variables is essential to inform more effective prevention and management strategies for high-risk individuals within this population.