This study investigates the impact of climate change on the growth dynamics of Pinus sylvestris in Azerbaijan through dendro-climatological analysis covering the period 1900–2026. Using tree-ring chronologies, climate data, and statistical methods (EPS, response function analysis, moving correlation analysis, SEA), the research reveals species-specific and time-dependent growth responses. Results demonstrate that Pinus sylvestris growth is positively correlated with winter temperatures (January–March), while precipitation shows no significant effect. Drought years (e.g., 1907, 1921, 1976, 2003, 2019) caused notable reductions in ring width, but recovery occurred in subsequent years, indicating high adaptive potential. The findings highlight that moderate winters stimulate growth by reducing soil frost depth and enhancing photosynthetic activity, whereas prolonged summer droughts remain a limiting factor. Overall, Pinus sylvestris exhibits relative resilience compared to other conifers (e.g., Picea orientalis), positioning it as a potentially sustainable species under projected climate scenarios. These results provide a scientific basis for forest management strategies, biodiversity conservation, and adaptation planning in Azerbaijan’s mountainous ecosystems.
Sattar et al. (2026) studied this question.