Why the study?
Heart failure has been hypothesized as a possible long-term consequence of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients and requires investigation, prompting an overview of available data and mechanisms behind myocardial injury.
COVID-19 is associated with significant rates of myocardial injury, which may lead to acute and long-term heart failure sequelae.
Myocardial injury rates may warrant cardiac monitoring in severe COVID-19; leaves open prospective studies on HF prevention.
HF as a consequence of myocardial injury and cardiovascular (CV) complications. Myocardial injury occurred in at least 10% of unselected COVID-19 cases and up to 41% in critically ill patients or in those with concomitant CV comorbidities. Few cases of COVID-19-related acute myocarditis, presenting with severe reduction in the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and peculiar histopathological findings, were described. However, recent data suggested that COVID-19 may be associated with both systolic and diastolic LV dysfunction, with LV diastolic impairment, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular dysfunction representing the most frequent findings in echocardiographic studies. An overview of available data and the potential mechanisms behind myocardial injury, possibly leading to HF, will be presented in this review. Beyond the acute phase, HF as a possible long-term consequence of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients has been supposed and need to be investigated yet.
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Italia et al. (2021) studied this question.
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